The organism uses as a source of energy and the environment of other agencies and deals in most of the cases, the damage.
What are the parasites can use a person as a teacher, what damage they cause to the body, especially in analysis and diagnosis of parasites, as well as if there is a universal tool of parasites, read our article.
A parasite is a living organism, that lives inside (endoparasite) or on the surface (ectoparasite) another organism. When this parasite may be stationary, obliges, through a cycle of life, while remaining in the host (the body of another), and use them only in some of its stages, the so-called temporary or facultative parasitism. Some parasites during the life cycle change of owners, from the development in one body and ending at the other. That is to say, some live as parasite organisms that coexist with the owner only in a certain period, changing the local, or exist independently in the rest of the time, others begin and end their cycle of life in a body.
The objective of the introduction of the parasite is to obtain nutrients, the security, the obtaining of the necessary for the development of their environment. Living as a parasite of organisms that can affect the quality of life of the master, to cause a reaction of irritation, influence on the non-compliance of the functions, to destroy the tissue, as well as secrete toxins, favoring the development of diseases. It is considered that parasites evolve towards the reduction of damage to the body of master, further extending the possibility to exist for your account.
In a category stand out parasitoids: as a general rule, it is dipterous, or The hymenoptera insects, shelves of eggs in the body of animals or insects, providing excudant larvae forage. When you see the light of the larvae love die, becoming food for the new parasitant. The operation of them is characterized by a combination of parasitism and predation.
By parasitant refers to, for example, emerald blattam of osa, the bites of which is a partial paralysis, and the slave of the behavior of the cockroach. After this, the wasp lays its eggs in the body of an insect, and bears in the den. Hatched larvae feed on the cockroach. Some insect parasitoids as perfected the skill in the parasitism, which is subordinate to the master, and that influence their behaviour over a long period of time. The caterpillar of several species, the bodies of the owners, parasitoid Glyptapanteles (osa-rider), protect born, the larvae of the enemies, at the same time being food for them.
Classic parasitism is a particular case of symbiosis, the living together of two organisms. It is similar to the engagement of residence can be useful to the landlord and unpleasant, harm to one of the participants in the process or to pass without much effect. Among the different forms of cohabitation, including parasitism, it is sometimes difficult to make a clear distinction. So, for example, some forms of helminths to reduce the body's sensitivity to allergens, at the same time bringing damage and affects to the probation positively on the health of the host. Also called hirudotherapy, the use of leeches the doctor to the old-fashioned way of treatment of different diseases which is applied as one of the methods of alternative medicine and in the modern world.
A leech can bacteria, insects, plants, birds... for Example, the cuckoo refers to a type of "parenting or yolk parasite", as well as lays eggs in the nests of other birds. The same behaviour have some other species of birds, as well as fish and insects. Individual species of plants, such as broomrape, are the root parasites that grow on the roots of the crops and receiving power through one of the other plants. The famous mushroom chaga, it is applied in medicine, is a parasite growing on the trunk of a birch.
The most numerous types of parasites – protozoa, helminths, and insects. These parasites in the human body and on its surface are the most common.
Parasites in the human body can be very diverse: simple forms of life, viruses, fungi, worms, bacteria. According to the classification of the viruses (intracellular parasites) and bacteria are also referred to the parasitica varieties, however, often talking about parasites in the human body, taking into account the protozoa, and helminths.
To protozoal parasites are simple forms of life. Have 17 varieties of the most simple, are capable of causing disease in humans. Among them such exotic for russia species such as Trypanosoma brucei, portable infected tsetse fly. Trypanosoma brucei causes sleeping sickness or african trypanosomiasis, characterized by confusion of consciousness and sleep disorders. This disease is more common in tropical areas of africa, in the congo river basin, and for russia it is extremely rare. Amoebiasis, so-called dysenteric ameba, is the second death of master-human protozoa of the disease in the world, I get sick of every ten people of the Earth. It is more common in amoebiasis in areas of tropical weather and poor sanitation.
Malaria is also called parasite transmitted by infected mosquitoes. According to statistics, every year malaria sick to 250 million people.
The most common are by the world, with three types of protozoan parasites – giardia (disease giardiasis), Toxoplasma gondii (toxoplasmosis), and trichomonas (trichomoniasis).
Giardia has two forms: manure, or vegetative, and the form of cysts. The infection occurs with swallowing a cyst, that can persist in the environment (soil) up to 3 weeks, while in the water up to 5.
Most often, the infection occurs in young children after licking dirty hands, together with objects of daily life, as well as the consumption of vegetables, fruits, berries, not subjected to heat treatment. Is distributed also the penetration of giardia lamblia in the body along with the infected anorum water.
Being in the body, giardia passed from form cysts in vegetative and multiply in the small intestine, causing irritation of the mucosa. Special symptoms of giardiasis, as a general rule, does not manifest itself, limited to the signs, as a violation of stool (diarrhea, constipation), dyskinesia biliary tract, pains in the upper part of the belly and the navel, nausea, atopic dermatitis, general malaise. Sometimes there was a delay in the height and weight of the child.
During the movements of the small intestine to the large intestine giardia lose an enabling environment for the reproduction, transform back into cysts and are highlighted in the environment, along with fecal masses.
Toxoplasma gondii is actually a parasite, which is like a master temporary use representatives of the family of felines. Its multiplication is possible only in the gut of these animals, and often transmitted are cats and cats. The eggs Toxoplasma are highlighted with fecal masses from an infected animal, and can fall in the interior of the body of other pets and farm animals or of the person in case of contact with faeces, contaminated soil, consumption of raw meat. Toxoplasma gondii refers to the variety of intracellular parasite, these eubacteria are some of the smaller parasites on the Earth.
The cats are "essential" to the owner of Toxoplasmas, as a body, where the parasite spends most of its life cycle. In the bodies of other warm-blooded animals, including man, Toxoplasma gondii spends little time.
The disease occurs in several forms. In normal immunity to the disease is easily transported, is designated to increase the cervical and armpit lymph nodes, recurring low-grade fever, myalgia, general malaise. A mild form of toxoplasmosis happens by itself, without need of specific treatment.
Chronic toxoplasmosis is accompanied by a change of the structure of the eye. The acute form is manifested by a rash on the sudden weakening of well-being, which leads to malnutrition, it can produce ex brain. As a general rule, the development of the toxoplasmosis acute tends to be people with the opinion expressed by the immunodeficiencies.
The infection toksoplazmozom during pregnancy leads to the excitation transfer through the placental barrier to the fetus. Toxoplasma in this case, cause innate of the disease toksoplazmozom in the newborn, which leads to blindness, violations of the functions of the central nervous system, jaundice , the pathology of development of bones of the skull, delay in mental development. Congenital toxoplasmosis in children may manifest immediately, the symptoms may appear months or years after birth.
The man who was ill toksoplazmozom produces immunity, which is defined by the presence of antibodies in the blood. If a pregnant woman has no history of disease toksoplazmozom, in the period of the pregnancy is recommended to exclude the contact with cat faeces, as well as to avoid the possible accumulation of squares of the rodents.
Vaginal trichomoniasis Trichomonas vaginalis is a parasite that causes trichomoniasis, one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases, transmitted by sexual contact. If the disease develops in women, is surprised of the vagina. In men, the parasite multiplies in the urethra channel, which affects the function of the prostate gland.
Normally, this parasite is transmitted from person to person by vaginal and the sexual act. The contagion through anal and oral sex, or a way practically excluded, despite trichomonas are able to live in a humid environment up to several hours. However, most of the infection forms of violence in the home, with the exception of sexual contacts is usually the chronic form of trichomoniasis in deleted how acquired in the traditional way of transmission is by sexual contact.
The symptoms vary depending on the sex of the patient. Trichomoniasis android leak usually without signs, occasionally accompanied by secretions from the urethra, pain, burning, clinical model of inflammation of the prostate gland (prostatitis).
Manifestations of trichomoniasis in women lead to the following symptoms:
Chronic trichomoniasis may cause the development of prostatitis in men. For pregnant women the presence of Trichomonas plagued with premature spillage of amniotic fluid, premature pregnancy.
Every second on Earth, according to the who, each year, it acquired one of the three major species of helminth.
According to some sources, up to 99% of the people infected with the parasite. However, a serious investigation, in particular, based on the analysis of the patients of the clinics and hospitals, do not confirm these figures.
What are the parasites you refer to helminths? This tapeworms (the second name – cestodes), flukes (or trematody) and the return of the nematode worms.
Parasitic worms that may exist in different organisms: animals, birds, fish, plants. Below are the most common helminths that affect human beings.
One of the exotic helminths, the mention of which have come down to us from the times of Ancient egypt, bears the name of Brugia malayi. It is a worm type of filarial, called elephantine disease. Elephantiasis, elephantiasis is a disease that is characterized by the constant stagnation of the lymph, expressed swelling of different parts of the body.
The sick limb (the more common of the feet, although it is found and elephantiasis of the scrotum) are covered by warts, ulcers, and increase considerably in size. The likeness of the dead of the feet while running on the stage of the disease of the feet of an elephant was the reason to select the name of the disease.
More often, filariasis, or elephant disease found in the tropics. Vector of infected mosquitoes for filarial.
All of the parasitic worms, in a certain phase of development they leave the main body of the master by the temporary existence in the external environment or in the body of an intermediate host.
Depending on the route of transmission distinguish the classification of the vectors of the disease:
Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease. The transmission of the pathogen to person occurs when the spread of cysts from the feces of an infected animal. If the field is infected, the pathogen is able to spread with the wind gusts, falling in the interior of the housing and sagging in processed foods or clean dishes. The most dangerous are the areas near the grazing land, agricultural enterprises, slaughterhouses that are located in the region of high risk of infection.
For the type of transmission of the pathogen distinguished from contact (when the parasite is introduced into the body through the skin or the mucous membranes of the epidermis) and food that provides the penetration of the pathogen in the body together to swallow or in the water.