Helminths (worms), is the huge class of parasites worms living in the human body, animals and plants. Helminths, parasitic worms, feed on the internal resources of the body "teacher" not only weaken the body, but also contribute to the development of other comorbidities.
Oddly enough, almost one of every two people – the holder of one of the species of helminths, and are not aware of it until complications arise or would not be carried out an additional examination.
In function of the climatic zones, in the territories of different continents live different worms. In the territory of the Russian federation dwells about 20 species of worms.
Also helminths are classified according to the method of the transfer of a body to body:
In case of contact with the larvae in the body, move the body with the blood stream and are deposited in the organs.
Often helminths are set in the different departments of the intestine.
Classification by the place of settlement of parasites:
The onset of symptoms in the body that can be recognized by the symptoms:
The symptoms of the acute phase may appear in the second day, or after 6 months, but more often through 2 weeks:
During the transition of the disease in a chronic form, these symptoms occur:
Ostritsy – the representatives of the ascaris, they have a circular shape, length of about 2 centimeters. Are found both in adults as in children. Set in the small bowel and develop from the stage of larva to adult for 2 weeks. Ostritsy cause the disease enterobiasis.
The infection pinworms is manifested by the inflammation of the intestinal wall, violation of the digestive processes, toxins from the worms cause local bleeding.
Enterobiosis is manifested on the night of itching in the anus. Itching call to the females that lay eggs. When the peinadura the itching of eggs fall under the nails of the person and, therefore, the migration is taking place in the surrounding objects.
Getting pinworms not only to contact with common objects with the affected person, but also through the vegetables from the garden (eggs are stored on the floor), cockroaches, and flies as vectors of eggs of worms.
When the enterobiasis of the women of the parasites can cause inflammation of the genital organs. Also become inflamed and scratching, which leads to Staphylococcus.
Ascaride – the worms grow up to 40 centimeters and a diameter of approximately 6 centimeters. The eggs of the roundworms when you come into contact with the soil can store about a year before that, in an environment conducive to the development. When the larva ascaride gets in the body environment and begins to develop, it removes toxins that affect the lungs, the liver. The larvae travel throughout the body and affects blood vessels and causes foci of inflammation. It is based in the gut, and lives at the expense of its content. In the evening you can defer several thousands of eggs.
Due to its considerable size ascaride in search of food, they may move into the ducts of the pancreas, bile ducts of the liver, causing inflammation of the intestine, they can get out of the esophagus and block the airway. Causes a disease, such as ascariasis.
Find ascaride in the body can recognize it by the symptoms:
Ascaride have the property of lowering in the tangle of the that occurs the intestinal obstruction, and as a result of the peritonitis.
The primary method of infection is dirty hands and store the eggs in the soil. The presence in the body whipworm leads to trichocephalus, and is manifested by symptoms:
Trichinella – the worm of the length of 5 millimeters. Surprise the person with the food, in particular, with poorly prepared meat. It is based on the small intestine and in the same place and multiply. With the power of the blood of the larvae are distributed throughout the body.
Trichinella leads to disease trihinellez with symptoms of:
If the treatment is not performed, the symptoms only amplified. Develop allergic such as hives, rashes on the skin, gives complications in the respiratory, nervous, cardiovascular system.
This type of roundworms living in the stomach of dogs, and with the stool the eggs to fall to the ground. Outwardly, the parasite is similar to that of ascaris, but grows to only 15 centimetres. The life cycle of toxocara takes place in the body of a dog, therefore, being located in the environment of the person, the larvae die, but when they get to this damage. Affect the muscles, the liver, the lungs, the heart, the tissue of the eyes, the brain, develops the disease toxocariasis.
The activity of the larvae of toxocara in the body is manifested by symptoms such as:
Confirm the diagnosis by scraping the affected area of the skin, blood analysis, antibodies to liver biopsy.
Cestodes (tape, width worms) are established in the intestine, the larvae can spread throughout the body.
The choice of lentets reaches 10 metres in length. With the help of cracks in the head attaches to the intestinal surface. In the body of the man falls down with the raw fish of fresh water in the form of larvae and develops fully within a month. Causes the disease difillobotrioz.
Symptomatically the presence of the parasite in the body is manifested as well:
This parasite feeds by absorbing nutrients from the total area of her considerable body. Instead of attaching a wide lentetsa occurs necrosis. In the stool, appear the segments (which contain eggs) worm and its eggs.
Bullish tsepen (carte blanche) lives in the small intestine and reaches 7 meters in length. The larvae bull tsepnja infect humans through the consumption of food is not enough beef and potato stew. The larvae is easily observed in the flesh, as well as its size of approximately 5 mm Falling in the body of the person, the larva grows in 3 months. Is multiplied by segments that contain in their interior up to 150 thousand of the larvae. Such segments in the body bull tsepnja close to 2 thousand. These segments same come out at night anus, and stretched out on the bed.
The presence of this worm can lead to the disease in the beef tapeworm infection, that manifests itself by symptoms:
Swine tsepen can be confused with the bull, but the size of it modestly – 2.5 meters. And the number of segments to this parasite is also small – about 1 thousand. The head of the worm has the suction cup and the siphon with hooks that are fixed to the thicker the intestine. The segments do not have the ability to attach to the walls of the intestine, so that they come out with the stool.
People can become infected through meat and fat. This helminth leads to diseases shadowy and cysticercosis. The symptomatology depends on the amount of worms in the body. A large number of parasites can lead to the obstruction of the intestine, which is only operational.
Pets are allowed (dogs, cats) can share with their human family as parasites, such as Echinococcus. Causing the disease echinococcosis. The eggs of this helminth adhere to the wool of an animal in the street of the cove. This small worm has a total of 4 segment.
The parasite enters the human body through water, forests without washing the berries and field vegetables, when stroking the animal the eggs of the worm, are passed to the hands of a man, but can also be established in the brain, the bones, the kidneys.
With the power of the blood of the larvae of the worm enter the lungs, the liver. Settling in a specific organ, the parasite form of bubbles, around which grows the cyst, which puts pressure on the growth process, the authority and the violation of the functional skills. In the interior of the cysts are larvae. The grip of a cyst of the authority, may cause necrosis.
The symptoms depend on the place where was established the parasite, the organ damaged. More often the cyst can be detected with the help of an ultrasound. A by-product of the symptomatology of the location in the right part of the liver: symptoms of acute cholecystitis, pain in the side. If a cyst on the left side of the liver, appears heartburn, vomiting, belching. The defeat of the bile ducts appears jaundice.
The rupture of the cysts was manifested by an allergic reaction, to anaphylactic shock.
The representative of this class of helminths is the fluke feline. This type of worms in children distributed in the area of water bodies. The worm eggs in faeces fall into the water, surprised to seafood and fish. The bad heat treatment or the lack of salty fish, favor the infection of the person opisthorchiasis, caused by a feline Fluke.
With the flow of the blood parasite is spread in the bile ducts, liver, pancreas, gallbladder. The acute phase depends on the location of the infection:
Without treatment, after a month, the symptoms are attenuated, but this means it has passed the disease in a chronic form. Fixed worms to mucous membranes flushed with the suction cups, and at the insertion site develops inflammation. With the large number of worms and eggs will clog the ducts and develop inflammatory processes, abscesses, dysfunction of the organ, cirrhosis of the liver.
Sistemami cells (blood flukes) the man is infected through the pores of the skin in case of contact with infected fresh water. Are causative of schistosomiasis. Unlike other parasites, schistosoma live in the venous system, where they multiply.
This type of parasite most common in countries of africa, south america, Southeast asia, middle east. In the length of the worm reaches 26 millimeters, for an amount of up to 0.6 mm thick.
The symptoms of the infection appear as a reaction to the eggs of the worms:
The symptomatology varies a little depending on the location of the accumulation of schistosoma:
All the worm Ancylostoma also widespread in the countries of africa and east asia. Is the cause of the hookworm. Habitat – 12-earthy intestine. The length of the worm of about 14 millimeters. It feeds at the expense of the nutrients extracted from the wall of the intestine. A person can become infected, not only through unwashed vegetables and dirty hands, but also through the skin to work with the earth, walking barefoot in the grass. The parasite from the blood vessels found in the liver, the lungs, the heart.
The infection ankylostomas is manifested by symptoms such as:
The hookworm causes complications: hepatitis, duodenal ulcer 12, bronchitis, laryngitis, infective endocarditis. Make sure that the diagnosis is possible with the help of a blood test, fluoroscopic, x-ray.
As well as the symptoms of an infection in different species of earthworms also varies according to the country, has developed some methods of diagnosis. In the first place, the dr. collects the clinical history of the patient. Then perform analyses of blood, urine, bile, feces, sputum, skin scrapings and biopsy of the internal organs. Also to clarify the diagnosis shows the performance of the ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, fluoroscopic.